Why are classical cell cultures for modern drug screening not any ?
Conventional, two-dimensional cell cultures are simple and well established—but increasingly inadequate. Although they are scalable, they lack the spatial architecture and interactions with the extracellular matrix that significantly determine actual cell behavior. In 2D cultures, cells often undergo "dedifferentiation" and lose their specialized functions and gene expression profiles typical of the human body. The result is the well-known "translational gap": promising results in the Petri dish that are not confirmed in vivo.
3D cell models and microphysiological systems go much further in this regard. Spheroids, organoids, or cells embedded in hydrogels grow three-dimensionally, enable genuine cell-cell interactions, and generate realistic oxygen and nutrient gradients. Organ-on-chip technologies extend these models to include microfluidic flows, mechanical forces such as respiration or pulsation, and often multiple cell types simultaneously.
The result is miniaturized, functional tissue and organ models that represent human physiology much more realistically—enabling more precise and reliable decisions in drug screening. This is precisely where their greatest strength lies.
How can complex biological models scalable and suitable for industrial use ?
As powerful as 3D models and organ-on-chip systems are, their production is challenging. To make the leap from a "boutique laboratory innovation" to an industrial tool, complex biological models must overcome the reproducibility-scalability paradox. The transition is based on three pillars: standardization, automation, and digitization.
Biological variability is the enemy of industrial processes. Scalability requires replacing manual and variable steps with standardized components—defined matrices and precise engineering. For a model to be "screenable," it must be integrable into existing high-throughput screening (HTS) workflows—for example, through robot-assisted culture systems and microfluidic integration. However, industrial scaling is not just about quantity, but above all about the speed of data for decision-making. In-situ sensor technology and AI-supported analysis are crucial for this.
This is precisely where the three sessions of "GENESIS 26" come in: automated biofabrication, integrated microphysiological systems, and end-to-end automation. The presentations will show how manual laboratory work can be converted into standardized, reproducible processes. Topics discussed include 3D bioprinting of cells, bioinks, and tissues, robotics-assisted cell culture, automated chip loading and assembly, and inline quality control using sensors and imaging.
The goal is clear: to make biological complexity manageable through automation, standardization, and scalability. At the same time, integrated microphysiological systems (MPS) are coming into focus—systems that combine multiple organs, sensors, actuators, and data analysis in a single platform.