Which technological, structural and regulatory challenges must in the research and corporate sector urgently addressed be addressed urgently?
Wessel: The rapid integration of new technologies into everyday drug research is a key aspect of achieving the goal outlined above. This process is not only taking place in academic research and companies, but also in the regulatory field. Should OoCs therefore prove to be suitable, for example for replacing certain animal experiments in preclinical development, the regulatory authorities will need to take this into account.
Can you about concrete, successful application examples of OoCtechnologies in the industry and in clinical routine report?
Wessel: OoC technologies are increasingly being used in drug research to create more accurate models that are relevant to humans and thus improve the prediction of the efficacy and safety of drugs. I would be happy to give you a few examples:
- Researchers have developed a platform that integrates engineered human tumor tissue and cardiac tissue to evaluate both anti-tumor efficacy and potential cardiotoxicity of drugs. For example, the cancer drug linsitinib was tested using this system and provided insights into its effect on tumor and cardiac tissue that were consistent with the results of clinical trials (Chramiec et al Integrated human organ-on-a-chip model for predictive studies of anti-tumor drug efficacy and cardiac safety. Lab on a Chip. 23, 2020)
- The company InSphero has developed a microfluidic chip that connects different 3D micro-organs, such as liver and pancreas models, to simulate the interactions between human organs. With this technology, drugs can be tested on organ networks, leading to a better understanding of the effects of drugs on the human body and potentially reducing the need for animal testing (InSphero | 3D In Vitro Models for Non-animal Drug Testing).
- TNO has developed translational preclinical modeling platforms for human organs, including Liver-on-a-Chip and Gut-on-a-Chip. These platforms enable medium to high throughput ADME (drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) studies and efficacy studies that provide a better understanding of the impact of interventions on human health (Organ-on-a-Chip offers more accurate preclinical studies)
The NMI (Natural and Medical Sciences Institute), based in Reutlingen, focuses on the development of microfluidic platforms that replicate the microarchitecture and functions of human organs. The development of organ-on-chip systems aims to simulate complex human biological processes and provide more precise models for evaluating the pharmacology and toxicity of drugs (Organ-on-Chip | NMI).